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, by David Greenberg
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Product details
File Size: 381 KB
Print Length: 225 pages
Publisher: Times Books (December 26, 2006)
Publication Date: December 26, 2006
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B008BJ049Y
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I enjoy the American Presidents series and especially reading/learning about the obscure/forgotten/unknown presidents. The story of Calvin Coolidge falls intio all of those catagories. The shy quiet president presided over the Roaring Twenties and adhered to a brand of conservatism that was the political dogma of the times. However, as the book points out, he was a transitional president, extolling the benefits of an era that was fading while at the same time taking a measured, cautious approach towards modernity. While Coolidge probably will never be "ranked" among the great presidents, the man and his administration is worthy of study. I appreciated the tightrope that the author walked in evaluating Coolidge in the context of his times while speculating on his impact of future events. This careful rendering replaces a cardboard one dimensional personality with a fair and nuanced one.The author's narrative is balanced and straightforward, and presents the reader with the essential events in Coolidge's life and administration. The author reconciles the myths, and misunderstandings with facts and pertinent details to allow the man to emerge. As a result, the reader gets a well rounded picture, with background, context, insight and perspective. These elements are consistent hallmarks of other books in The American Presidents series. Accordingly, I learned a lot, which is, I guess, high praise.
Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president and, after reading 1-30, I found this book one of the better ones in the American Presidents Series. Coolidge was not an exciting person or president but David Greenberg does a fine job of describing his years in office. One of several strengths of the book is that Greenberg several times compares Coolidge’s dour personality and conservative presidency with the atmosphere of the “Roaring 20’s.†How could a society in the midst of radical social change think so highly of a president who seemed to be exactly the opposite? Greenberg touches on this in several places and his analysis helped me make sense of the Coolidge presidency in ways I have not seen elsewhere. The book is well-organized and clearly written. Greenberg is fair to his subject and his readers, noting Coolidge’s strengths and weaknesses in an even-handed way. In 159 pages of text this is an excellent introduction to Coolidge and a strong summary of his presidency.
Calvin Coolidge didn't do much.Take the event which catapulted him into national prominence-- his decision as Governor of Massachusetts to fire and replace the Boston police officers who went on strike in 1919. Hailed by later-day strike-busters as an example of how to preserve public safety by standing up to big labor, Coolidge characteristically delayed acting until matters had reached a crisis.Faced with a police commissioner who refused to improve overcrowded stations and worsening job conditions, police officers in Boston went on strike. Rather than call out the state militia to maintain order, Coolidge did nothing. He went home and slept soundly while rioters pillaged Boston. Three people died. Coolidge eventually acted by firing all the striking officers and permanently replacing them. The public had grown weary of strikes and radical activism, and Coolidge's decisive, if belated, action, made him a national figure and greatly contributed to his capturing the vice presidency at the 1920 Republican National Convention.Few at the time realized Coolidge's unique blend of fiscal conservatism and social progressivism. While climbing the ladder of state politics in Massachusetts, Coolidge shrank public debt while raising teachers' salaries; he lowered taxes and supported women's suffrage; he radically reduced the size of state government while approving hiring bonuses for war veterans. As vice president, however, he was invisible, and supported the administration mainly by delivering speeches on its behalf.When Warren Harding died suddenly in 1923, a mortified Calvin Coolidge was sworn-in as president. He committed himself to carrying out the remainder of Harding's agenda for the first term, and soon found his administration embroiled in the Teapot Dome scandal. It would remain the nation's most infamous case of political corruption until the Watergate crisis erupted fifty years later. Coolidge had not been involved in the graft and corruption which eventually took down several cabinet members, and his reputation emerged in high standing for pursuing the case to its finish, whatever the cost.Coolidge's actual legislative accomplishments as president were trivial: he lowered taxes. He placed new immigration controls into effect to keep America white. He established the practice of an annual presidential budget.And little else.This lightweight schedule should not be misinterpreted as an inability to do more. Coolidge did not face an intransigent Congress bent on rejecting his agenda; he simply did not wish to do more. The nation had enough laws and regulations, he liked to say, and didn't need any more.This aversion to act has been flatteringly described as "the minimalist presidency" by libertarians and conservatives. In practice, it need not require much political gyrations to understand Coolidge. Consider the advice he gave to his advice to his then-Secretary of Commerce (and later presidential successor) Herbert Hoover:"If you see ten troubles coming down the road, you can be sure that nine will run into the ditch before they reach you, and you will have to battle with only one of them."Ike Hoover (no relation to Herbert Hoover), Coolidge's head White House usher, claimed that Coolidge worked less than any other president he had ever known, and Coolidge's wife Grace observed that Coolidge did not like to read. Nor did the new president like to consult experts for their opinions. As a result, an anti-intellectual atmosphere prevailed throughout his presidency.Conservatives seeking to restore Coolidge to what they believe to be his rightful place in the American pantheon seize upon the fact that he enacted a significant tax cut and oversaw an unprecedented economic expansion: causa et effectus. Less-mentioned is Coolidge's creation of estate and gift taxes to prevent an entrenched American aristocracy from taking hold. And while Coolidge did oversee a national surge in wealth generation, this bounty disproportionately benefited the already-wealthy. For those unlucky enough to be left out of the rising tide, they had nothing to sustain them beyond the help of family and friends-- for this was before the New Deal and the age of federal safety nets.Modern devotees similarly thrill when remembering Coolidge's 1925 declaration that "the chief business of America is business," but too often disregard how Coolidge's uninformed cheering of Wall Street and his aversion of any form of financial regulation led directly to the Great Crash of 1929. Not only would Coolidge bequeath this mess to his hapless successor, Herbert Hoover, but he would also usher in an era of federal safety nets the right has been chafing against ever since-- to say nothing of handing Democrats the keys to 1600 Pennsylvania for twenty years. Coolidge held a naive faith in the benevolence of business, and supported the claim made by Treasury Secretary Mellon that cutting taxes for the wealthy would lead them to make investments which would ultimately benefit workers.Sound familiar?Trickle-down economics worked no better in 1921 than in 1981, but at least Coolidge may be forgiven owing to the lack of reliable economic data in his day. This reduction in taxes and disinclination to regulate Wall Street led to a rampant consumerism which took some strange turns. "The dollar is our Almighty. Prosperity is a kind of morality, and no one has preached the doctrine more devoutly than Messrs. Coolidge, Hoover, and Mellon," wrote journalist Silas Bent. One of Coolidge's chief publicists authored a book which depicted Jesus as "the founder of modern business," and his parables as "the most powerful advertisements of all time."As is so often the case, the advocate of limited government had little problem extending largess to powerful corporations while cutting back federal aid to the everyday people. When agricultural prices plummeted in 1926, Coolidge refused to prop up farm prices, musing that "Farmers never have made much money. I do not believe we can do much about it." He also groused that property owners whose lands had been lost to the 1927 flooding of the Mississippi River should take care of the damage themselves rather than rely upon federal assistance, although he eventually signed a bill which gave the federal government responsibility for flood management.David Greenberg has produced an admirable portrait of Calvin Coolidge which, while succinct, does not leave the reader wanting for detail. Coolidge is presented as a figure who successfully transitioned the United States into the 20th century. His small-town, rural ideals reassured Americans in the Jazz Age that despite the radical changes affecting their lives through technology, loosening social mores, and a new consumerism, such changes would not fundamentally alter the character of their nation. This cultural assessment stands in contrast to Coolidge's actual record as president, which was marked by mediocrity and small thinking. The author provides an accurate, if sobering, summary:"Coolidge's record, in sum, was neither substantial nor enduring. Too many problems, left unresolved, mounted, too many causes languished unpursued. His constricted vision of his office crippled him."
There is just enough variation contained in the content of each book written about each President that one which is poorly written will drag the overall quality of the whole series down. I have read the volume written about each President from Washington through Coolidge thus far and will continue until I complete the series. Most have been enlightening and generally cover all the high points in the life of the particular President written about. David Greenberg concentrates primarily on specific and limited topics in the life of President Calvin Coolidge, leaving out important and significant events which should have been included. The result was finding oneself mired in details of events that should have been reserved for a more complete and exhaustive study of Coolidge's life and presidency. Overall, a mediocre volume of the President who led the country through the "Roaring Twenties" and up to the precipice of the Great Depression with little written about either. A missed opportunity to write a short volume about one of our most interesting and influential Presidents.
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